Candle Filter For Liquids With Low Solids Content

The candle filter for liquids with low solids content, named for its cylindrical filter element shape resembling a candle, is a vertical pressure filter that contains one or multiple filter elements housed within a cylindrical vessel. Each filter element, or "candle," is wrapped with a layer of filter cloth tailored to the specific properties of the liquid being processed. As the liquid passes through the filter cloth, solid particles accumulate on its surface, gradually forming a dense cake layer.

 

Working Principle of Candle Filters

The candle filter consists of a cylindrical housing containing one or more filter elements, known as candles. Each candle is covered with a specialized filter cloth selected based on the characteristics of the feed liquid. In some cases, additional filter aids such as activated carbon or diatomaceous earth may be added to enhance the filtration process. As the liquid passes through the filter cloth, solid particles in the liquid gradually accumulate on the surface of the cloth, forming what is known as a "filter cake."

 

The filter cake layer is made up of tiny particles with minimal spacing between them, effectively preventing the escape of smaller particles from the liquid. This results in a clearer filtrate, meeting the production requirements for filtration efficiency.

 

Filter Cake Buildup and Cake Washing

After a period of normal filtration, the filter cake layer may become too thick, causing a decrease in the rate of filtrate flow and a reduction in filtration efficiency. At this point, it becomes necessary to remove the filter cake layer to restore the filter's performance. This is achieved through a process called cake washing, where a wash liquid is passed through the filter cake to dislodge any remaining solids and improve the clarity of the filtrate.

 

Cake Discharge and Reformation

Once the cake washing process is complete, the filter cake must be discharged from the system. This is typically done by opening a bottom valve in the filter housing, allowing the cake to fall into a collection vessel or conveyor system. After the cake has been removed, the filter cloth is ready for the reformation of a new filter cake layer, and the filtration cycle can begin anew.

 

Parameters

Working pressure			≤ 10 bar (g)
Operating temperature			≤ 250 °C
Solids content (suspension)			≤ 10% (weight)
Filter cake thickness			≤ 30 mm
Particle size			≤ 0.5 μm
Filtration capacity - Suspension			0.1 - 10 m³/m² h
Filtration capacity - Dry solids			-
Effective filtration area (total)			1 ~ 150 m²
Filter element length (mm)	Filter area (m²)	Number of filter elements	Total area (m²)	Cylinder diameter (mm)	Cylinder height (mm)
1200	0.34	3	1	419	1600
		7	2.4	508	2000
		19	6.5	800	2500
1800	0.51	7	3.6	508	2300
		19	9.7	800	2800
		37	18.9	1100	3500
		49	25	1300	3700
		61	31.1	1500	3900
2100	0.6	49	29.4	1300	4000
		61	36.6	1500	4200
		77	46.2	1600	4300
		91	54.6	1800	4500
		112	67.2	2000	4700
		144	86.4	2200	4900
		221	132.6	2600	5600
2400	0.68	49	33.3	1300	4300
		61	41.5	1500	4500
		77	52.4	1600	4600
		91	61.9	1800	4800
		122	76.2	2000	5000
		144	97.9	2200	5200
		221	150.3	2600	5900

 

Advantages of Candle Filters

1. High Efficiency: The presence of the filter cake layer enables the capture of very fine particles, ensuring high-quality filtrate.

2. Easy Maintenance: The design allows for simple and quick cleaning of the filter elements, minimizing downtime and maintenance costs.

3. Space Saving: Due to their vertical design, candle filters occupy less space compared to other types of filters, making them suitable for compact installations.

4. Versatility: They can be used with different types of liquids and can accommodate varying levels of solid content by adjusting the filter aid dosage.

5. Cost-Effective: The use of filter aids can extend the lifespan of the filter cloth, reducing long-term operational costs.

6. Automated Processes: With the integration of pressure sensors and automated control systems, candle filters can operate with minimal human intervention.

 

Applications of Candle Filters

The candle filter for liquids with low solids content is widely applied in various sectors where liquid clarification is essential:

1. Food & Beverage Industry

For the production of wine, beer, juices, and other beverages, the candle filter ensures the removal of unwanted particles without affecting taste or quality.

2. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Industry

The candle filter is used to purify process liquids, removing contaminants that could compromise the final product.

3. Oil & Gas Industry

The candle filter plays a vital role in separating solid particles from oil and gas streams during extraction and processing.

4. Water Treatment

The candle filter helps in the clarification of water for both industrial and potable uses, ensuring the removal of harmful particulate matter.

5. Biotechnology

In bio-processing, the candle filter provides a controlled environment for the separation of cells and other biological materials.

6. Waste Management

The candle filter is instrumental in treating wastewater by removing suspended solids before discharge or further treatment.

 

FAQ

1. Q: What is the function of a filter?

A: The main function of a filter is to remove solid particles, impurities, and harmful substances from liquids or gases, in order to achieve purification, clarification, and protection of equipment.

2. Q: How to choose a suitable filter?

A: When choosing a filter, factors such as the properties of the material being filtered (e.g., viscosity, temperature, corrosion), required filtration accuracy, processing capacity, operating pressure and medium, as well as the type, material, size, and installation method of the filter should be considered.

3. Q: What is the working principle of a filter?

A: The working principle of a filter mainly relies on physical screening, deep interception, absorption, or chemical reactions to remove impurities or harmful components from the material being filtered.

4. Q: How to maintain and care for a filter?

A: Maintenance of filters includes regular cleaning or replacement of filter elements, inspection of seals and fasteners, maintaining stable operating pressure, and avoiding overloading. Specific methods should be referenced from the filter's instruction manual and maintenance guides.

5. Q: What is the service life of a filter?

A: The service life of a filter depends on its working environment, processing volume, and filtration accuracy. Generally, when the filter's pressure drop reaches a certain value or the filtration effect decreases significantly, it needs to be replaced or cleaned.

6. Q: What should be paid attention to during filter installation?

A: During filter installation, attention should be paid to the directionality, ensuring that the fluid enters and exits from the correct ports. Also, the piping system should be cleaned before installation, and the filter should be securely fastened and sealed as required by the instructions.

7. Q: What is the replacement cycle for filters?

A: The replacement cycle for filters depends on their working conditions and filtration requirements, and is usually indicated by pressure difference indicators or timers. When the filter's pressure drop reaches the set value or the filtration effect decreases, it should be replaced in a timely manner.

 

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